In this episode, we learn positive mitzvah #19, which is declare Shabbat as holy with words.
We verbally declare Shabbat as holy (1) at its beginning, through kiddush, and (2) at its end, through havdala. The Prophet & Sages added two rabbinic ways of fulfilling this mitzva, by (3) preparing for Shabbat and (4) enjoying it.
- Kiddush (beginning of Shabbat)
- At the beginning of Shabbat, we declare Shabbat as a holy day ("mekadesh haShabbat")
- Typically said with a cup of wine, before having a special meal
- Havdala (end of Shabbat)
- At the end of Shabbat, we declare that the holy day of Shabbat is over ("lehavdil ben kodesh le'chol")
- Also typically said with a cup of wine
- Kavod Shabbat (preparations)
- wearing nice clothing
- showering, haircuts, shaving before Shabbat
- purchasing food before Shabbat
- cleaning the home and setting up the table before Shabbat
- Oneg Shabbat (enjoyment)
- eating and drinking enjoyably
- resting
- studying Torah
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